Q: Describe how globular proteins are synthesized after mRNA have been formed

There are three stages of translation. First, in initiation, a small subunit of ribosome binds to the mRNA transcript. Then, each aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase catalyses teh coupling of aminoacyl-tRNA to its specific amino acid. The first tRNA molecule, carrying methionine, occupies the peptidyl-tRNA site of the ribosome, alongside initiation factors. Initiation factors then dissociate from the small ribosomal subunit and make way for the large ribosomal subunit. For prokaryotes, small ribosomal subunit binds to its recognition sequence. The large ribosomal subunit joins the initiator complex. In the second phase, elongation, the second amino acid tRNA complex occupies the aminoacyl-tRNA site of the ribosome. Peptidyl transferase catalyses the formation of a peptide bond between teh two amino acids and the dipeptide is on the tRNA in the A site. Ribosome then translocates by a codon in the 5' to 3' direction. tRNA present in the A site is now translocated to the P-site and the uncharge tRNA in teh P site enteres and E site and is released. In the final stage, termination, the ribosome encounteres the stop codon (UAA, UAG, or UGA). Release factors bind directly to the stop codon mRNA and ribosome dissociates from one another, thus releasing the newly synthesized polypeptide.