Stem cells

Stems cells are unspecialized cells that are capable of continually renewing and dividing through cell division for long periods. They are also capable of differentiating into specialized cell types under appropriate conditions. Therefore the two normal functions are to reproduce and give rise to more cells indefinitely (in the case of 3 to 5 day old blastocyst), and to regenerate multiple types of cells to replace those that have died or were damaged (where there is a local infection/injury).

Human Genome Project

Benefits:
It provides an extremely detailed map of the entire human genome which elucidates the genetic basis of diseases, hence allowing for the early detection of genetic diseases and improved diagnosis. The project enables novel molecular treatment such as gene therapy to be devised to cure genetic diseases.
Ethical Concerns:
It may detect genetic diseases early thus causing those affected to feel like social outcasts.
Employers and insurance agents may abuse the information, hiring workers based on genetic predisposition.